Uma reavaliação do Evo-Conservadorismo à Luz da Hipótese da Interdependência
Resumen
Este ensaio apresenta uma avaliação da crítica evo-conservadora. A versão mais premente da crítica evo-conservadora diz-nos que a evolução humana foi tal que estamos impossibilitados de formar organizações muito inclusivas estáveis ao longo do tempo, de tal forma que estas organizações deveriam ser repudiadas enquanto alternativas viáveis para a realização de ideias e ideais de justiça, de que são exemplo as teorias cosmopolitas da justiça. O ensaio começa por contextualizar historicamente a emergência das críticas evoconservadoras, partindo depois para a identificação da sua versão mais acutilante. Após este primeiro momento, identificam-se várias lacunas nas premissas empíricas dos argumentos evo-conservadores. Brevemente, denota-se que muitas interpretações da evidência poderão estar enviesadas e que de acordo com os próprios pressupostos dos argumentos evoconservadores os fenómenos cosmopolitas vigentes não deveriam ser possíveis. Dadas as possíveis falhas das premissas evo-conservadoras e a necessidade de uma explicação adequada dos fenómenos cosmopolitas vigentes, o ensaio redirecciona o seu foco na procura de uma explicação evolutiva para estes últimos. Tentativamente, sugere-se que talvez possamos encontrar uma explicação para o cosmopolitismo num conjunto de hipóteses acerca da evolução social humana que designamos por “hipótese da interdependência” (em acordo com uma proposta de Tomasello et al. 2012). Esta hipótese diz-nos que a psicologia social humana evoluiu num contexto em que as interacções humanas se vieram deixar caracterizar por interdependência obrigatória. É neste contexto evolutivo que os humanos adquiriram aquilo que poderemos chamar de uma “psicologia de interdependência”, isto é, uma psicologia capaz de avaliar, com alguma fiabilidade, o nosso grau de dependência doutros. É tendo esta hipótese por pano de fundo que podemos depois identificar outras hipóteses, como a do “parentesco” e a do “doce comércio” (entre outras), que discriminam condições específicas nas quais instituições de índole cosmopolita podem ser vantajosas...
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Publicado
2025-11-07
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Pinheiro, J. (2025). Uma reavaliação do Evo-Conservadorismo à Luz da Hipótese da Interdependência. ARARIPE — REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA - , 5(1), 137-197. https://doi.org/10.56837/Araripe.2024.v5.n1.1444
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6 As opiniões emitidas pelos autores são de sua inteira e exclusiva responsabilidade.
7 Ao submeterem seus trabalhos à ARARIPE os autores certificam que os mesmos são de autoria própria e inéditos, ou seja, não publicados anteriormente em qualquer meio digital ou impresso.
8 A revista ARARIPE adota a Política de Acesso Livre para os trabalhos publicados sendo sua publicação de acesso livre, pública e gratuita. Portanto, os autores ao submeterem seus trabalhos concordam que os mesmos são de uso gratuito sob a licença Creative Commons - Atribuição Não-comercial 4.0 Internacional.
9 O trabalho submetido poderá passar por algum software em busca de possíveis plágios para averiguar a autenticidade do material e, assim, assegurar a credibilidade das publicações da ARARIPE e do próprio autor diante da comunidade filosófica do país e do exterior.
10 Mas, apesar disto, após aprovação e publicação do artigo, for constatando qualquer ilegalidade, fraude, ou outra atitude que coloque em dúvida a lisura da publicação, em especial a prática de plágio, o trabalho estará automaticamente rejeitado.
11 Caso o trabalho já tenha sido publicado, será imediatamente retirado da base da revista ARARIPE, sendo proibida sua posterior citação vinculada a ela e, no número seguinte em que ocorreu a publicação, será comunicado o cancelamento da referida publicação. Em caso de deflagração do procedimento para a retratação do trabalho, os autores serão previamente informados, sendo-lhes garantidos o direito à ampla defesa.
12 Os dados pessoais fornecidos pelos autores serão utilizados exclusivamente para os serviços prestados por essa publicação, não sendo disponibilizados para outras finalidades ou a terceiros.
