PRODUÇÃO DE FERTILIZANTE ORGÂNICO DE ORIGEM URBANA

Abstract

The increase in the generation of urban solid waste (USW) in cities, which associated with high economic costs of management and handling and the potential risk of environmental impact due to the possible inadequate management of USWand the potential risk of environmental impact due to its possible inadequate handling. Composting, a scientifically consolidated technique, represents an alternative to minimize these issues, transforming the Organic Solid Waste (OSW) contained in MSW into a compound with fertilizer characteristics, thus reducing economic and environmental costs and even being able to be used in organic agriculture, helping soil and plant fertility. This work aimed to produce and evaluate the production of biofuel through the process of composting the USW generated by five families living in the urban area of Cachoeira do Sul-RS. A total of 98 kg of OSW were donated to the project, making it possible to identify the possible reduction of economic costs made available by the municipality in the management of OSW. With composting a conversion of 74% (m.m^-1) of organic waste into organic compost was obtained. Chemical analyses were performed to characterize the biofuel, obtaining as results values within the parameters mentioned in IN MAPA no. 61/2020, characteristic of an organic fertilizer, class A. Subsequently, the compost was used to evaluate its agronomic performance, with the use in the cultivation of a fast cycle and nutrient demanding crop, the lettuce, Lactuca sativa L, along with three other treatments: commercial mineral fertilizer, witness and an organic fertilizer, produced in large-scale composting. As a result it can be observed that the crop obtained better results with the use of a mineral fertilizer, an expected hypothesis, but the treatments with organic composts were satisfactory for the development of the crop. With this study it is possible to infer that composting is a viable and low-cost alternative for municipalities and that the conversion of OSW into biofuel can also assist in organic agricultural production, being an alternative to the farmer in urban and rural areas, reducing the use of mineral fertilizers and corroborating for the reduction of irregular disposal of USW, helping the environment and bringing savings to the public purse that today spend values in the management and management of OSW.