RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE: A REFLECTION ON THE SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS

  • Inocélio Ussivane Universidade de Brasília
  • Tomás de Azevedo Júlio Universidade de Brasília

Abstract

This essay addresses the issue of changes in the relationship between man and nature, having major socio-environmental changes as its axis. We intend to start from the origins of man on earth, analyzing his intimate relationship with the natural environment through a comparison between different historical moments. Our hypothesis is that the socio-environmental crisis emerges from human action or even from human consciousness, as contemporary society is marked by the unrestrained exploitation of natural resources. The capitalist system that characterized society from the 1960s onwards developed based on modern rationality and constitutes a driver of social inequalities and the depredation of ecosystems across the planet. For this analysis, we adopted the theoretical essay as a research methodology, with a critical analysis, based on expropriation. Thus, this essay suggests changes in our political-social behavior (eco-citizenship), which points to a new relationship between man and nature. A relationship based on knowledge that we call ecosophy. Therefore, both ecocitizenship and ecosophy are paths to environmental sustainability based on the foundations of environmental ethics, oriented towards the conservation and protection of nature. Therefore, these two dimensions have the potential to contribute to sustainable development, in a context of a growing and complex global ecological crisis.

References

ALBUQUERQUE, Bruno Pinto de. As relações entre o Homem e a natureza e a crise Sócio-ambiental. 2007. 96 f. - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, [s. l.], 2007. Disponível em: https://www.epsjv.fiocruz.br/upload/monografia/13.pdf.
BOFF, Leonardo. Ecologia: grito da terra, grito dos pobres: Dignidade e direitos da mãe terra. [S. l.: s. n.], 1997.
BRAUNGART, Michael; MCDONOUGH. Cradle to Cradle : Remaking the Way We Make Things. Firsted. New York: [s. n.], 2002.
CALLICOTT, J. Baird. Thinking Like a Planet: The Land Ethic and the Earth Ethic. [S. l.: s. n.], 2006.
CARSON, Rachel. Silent Spring. Firsted. New York: [s. n.], 1962. E-book. Disponível em: https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/library/pdf/Silent_spring.pdf.
CIDREIRA-NETO, Ivo Raposo Gonçalves; RODRIGUES, Gilberto Gonçalves. Relação Homem-natureza e os limites para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Movimentos Sociais e Dinâmicas Espaciais, [s. l.], v. 6, p. 142–156, 2017. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufpe.br/revistas/revistamseu.
CONNET, Paul. Solución Residuo Cero. Kaicroned. Castellón: [s. n.], 2016.
EHRLICH, Paul R. The population bomb. Firsted. New York: [s. n.], 1968. E-book. Disponível em: http://pinguet.free.fr/ehrlich68.pdf.
EPDATA. Emisiones de CO2 y gases de efecto invernadero. [S. l.], 2023. Disponível em: https://www.epdata.es/datos/cambio-climatico-datos-graficos/447. Acesso em: 11 mar. 2024.
FERNANDES, Daniela. OCDE: Emissões devem aumentar 50% até 2050. [S. l.], 2011. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2011/11/111124_emissoes_df_rc. Acesso em: 11 mar. 2024.
GE, Mengpin; FRIEDRICH, Johannes; VIGNA, Leandro. Cuatro gráficos que explican las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero por país y por sector. [S. l.], 2021. Disponível em: https://es.wri.org/insights/cuatro-graficos-que-explican-las-emisiones-de-gases-de-efecto-invernadero-por-pais-y-por. Acesso em: 11 mar. 2024.
GEORGESCU, Roegen. Selecciones de mitos de la economía y la energía. Southern Economic Journal, [s. l.], v. 3, 1975.
HADDAD, Fernando. Trabalho e linguagem (para a redialetização do metabolismo). Lua nova-revista de cultura e política, [s. l.], 1999.
HARDIN, Garrett. The Tragedy of the Commons. American Association for the Advancement of Science, [s. l.], v. 162, p. 1243–1248, 1968. Disponível em: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1724745.
IPCC. Climate Change 2001: Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Madrid: [s. n.], 2001.
IPCC. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [S. l.: s. n.], 2014.
IPCC. Climate Change 2021 The Physical Science Basis. [S. l.: s. n.], 2021.
MACARTHUR, Ellen; FOUNDATION. TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY: BUSINESS RATIONALE FOR AN ACCELERATED TRANSITION. [S. l.: s. n.], 2015. Disponível em: https://emf.thirdlight.com/link/ip2fh05h21it-6nvypm/@/preview/1?o. .
MARTINE, George; ALVES, José Eustáquio Diniz. Economia, sociedade e meio ambiente no século 21: tripé ou trilema da sustentabilidade?. Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População, [s. l.], v. 32, p. 433–460, 2015.
MEADOWS, D. H. et al. The Limits to growth: A report for the Club of Rome’s project on the predicament of mankind. New York: [s. n.], 1972. Disponível em: https://www.donellameadows.org/wp-content/userfiles/Limits-to-Growth-digital-scan-version.pdf. .
NACIONES UNIDAS. World Urbanization Prospects. New York: [s. n.], 2019. Disponível em: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf. .
NASH, Roderick Frasier. The Rights of Nature: A History of Environmental Ethics. [S. l.: s. n.], 1989.
NGOENHA, Severino Elias. O Retorno do Bom selvagem: uma perspectiva filosófica Africana do problema ecológico. [S. l.: s. n.], 1994.
PANIKER, Raimundo. Ecosofia. para una espiritualidad de la tierra. [S. l.: s. n.], 1994.
RITTEL, Horst W. J.; WEBBER, Melvin M. Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. Policy Sciences, [s. l.], v. 4, p. 155–169, 1973. Disponível em: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01405730.
ROLSTON, Holmes. Environmental Ethics: Duties to and Values in the Natural World. Philadelphia: [s. n.], 1988.
SANTO PADRE FRANCISCO. Carta Encíclica Laudato Si: Sobre o Cuidado da Casa Comum. [S. l.], 2015. Disponível em: https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/pt/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html. Acesso em: 11 mar. 2024.
SASS, Liz Beatriz. Direito e Natureza - (Re) Construindo Vínculos a partir de uma Ecocidadania. [S. l.: s. n.], 2008.
T., Parrique et al. Decoupling debunked: Evidence and arguments against green growth as a sole strategy for sustainability. [S. l.: s. n.], 2019. Disponível em: The European Environmental Bureau %0Awww.eeb.org. .
UNDRR. Tendencias y estadísticas. [S. l.: s. n.], 2021. Disponível em: https://www.undrr.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/7-Tendencias y estadísticas_2.pdf. .
WARD, James D. et al. Is Decoupling GDP Growth from Environmental Impact Possible?. PLoS ONE, [s. l.], v. 11, p. 14, 2016.
WIENKE, Felipe Franz; BERNARDES, Isabela Peixer Galm. Decrescimento Econômico como Alternativa ao Risco Ecológico Global. Scielo Brasil, [s. l.], v. 20, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/vd/a/jJHprvTmj5MZZbyYrkgx7wm/#.
WORLD BANK. Population, Total. [S. l.], 2020. Disponível em: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL. .
WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL. World Energy Scenarios. [S. l.: s. n.], 2017. Disponível em: https://www.worldenergy.org/assets/downloads/LAC-Scenarios_Full-Report_FINAL.pdf. .
Published
2024-09-14
How to Cite
Ussivane, I., & Júlio, T. de A. (2024). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE: A REFLECTION ON THE SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS. Ciência E Sustentabilidade, 8(1), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.56837/ces.v8i1.1227